Daniel Covarrubias
LAREDO, TEXAS

Beyond the Gateway

Why Laredo's Next Chapter Is Distribution, Not Just Transit

DC
Daniel Covarrubias, Ph.D.
GC
Gastón Cedillo-Campos, Ph.D.
0

northbound crossings daily

$0B

annual trade volume

0M+

sq ft operational

0%

US population within 2-day delivery

Section 1

The Gateway Today

Every day, close to 10,000 northbound trucks cross through Laredo carrying billions in merchandise. For decades, Laredo has been the gateway. But what if there's an additional opportunity?

2024 Trade Volume Comparison

Laredo#1
$339B
Los Angeles
$333B
Chicago
$331B

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2024

Container-Equivalent Throughput (TEUs)

Laredo17.6-19.2M TEUs
Container-equivalent throughput
LA/Long Beach16.7M TEUs
Container-equivalent throughput

Laredo's second consecutive year as America's #1 trade portthe first land crossing to ever claim that title.

Section 2

First-Touch Advantage

The traditional model moves goods through multiple handling points. The first-touch model consolidates crossing and distribution into a single location.

OLD MODELDouble handling • 2-3 days
Mexico Factory
Border CrossingLaredo
~250 miles
Distribution HubDallas/Houston
Final Delivery
Transit time: 48-72 hours
FASTER
NEW MODELFirst-touch • Same day
Mexico Factory
LaredoCross + Distribute
Final Delivery
Transit time: 4-6 hours
8 AM cross → Noon distribution
~60%
of freight goes to metro areas north
~40%
heads to coastal hubs east
50M+
sq ft warehouse space in Laredo

When merchandise crosses at 8 AM and enters distribution routes by noon, the time and cost savings become tangible.

Section 3

Infrastructure Evolution

Capital is flowing into Laredo at unprecedented rates. Here's what's being built and why it matters.

Past 18 months

National Institutional Investors Enter

For the first time, major institutional investors recognize Laredo as a strategic distribution market.

Class A Facilities

32-36 ft Clear Heights

Modern facilities with extensive dock configurations designed for high-volume cross-docking operations.

$90M Investment

905,000 sq ft Distribution Center

Single largest speculative industrial development in Laredo history, signaling market confidence.

3.8M sq ft Planned

Major Developments Underway

Pipeline includes cold storage facilities for binational food trade and specialized logistics centers.

Current Vacancy

11.5% — Healthy Absorption

New space being absorbed at sustainable rates, indicating genuine demand rather than speculation.

$90M+
Recent Investment Wave

The largest speculative industrial developments in Laredo's history are now underway, backed by institutional capital betting on the first-touch distribution model.

Every Major 3PL
Now operates in Laredo
150+ Dock Doors
Per major facility
Cold Storage
For binational food trade

Development Pipeline

Under Construction1.2M sq ft
Planned2.6M sq ft
Total Pipeline3.8M sq ft

These aren't speculative plays. These are calculated investments by developers who've analyzed the numbers.

Section 4

Economic Logic

Mexico is now America's largest trading partner, surpassing China for the first time in two decades. Laredo sits at the center of this shift.

+30%
Truck crossing increase
2019-2024
3M+
Annual crossings
through Laredo
~40%
US-Mexico trade share
via Laredo corridor

Distribution Routes from Laredo

Hover over cities to see drive times. Laredo offers cost advantages to both coasts.

Detroit
Atlanta
Indianapolis
Pittsburgh
Los Angeles
Denver
Seattle
Salt Lake City
San Francisco
LAREDO
Laredo Hub
East
West
Traditional Hubs
93%
US population reachable in 2 days
From Laredo
80%
US population reachable in 2 days without the 250-mile journey

Regional Connectivity

MonterreyLaredo
140 mi3 hours
LaredoSan Antonio
150 mi2 hours
LaredoAustin
220 mi3 hours
LaredoHouston
310 mi4.5 hours
Laredo to northern metros: ~6 hours — Dallas, Houston, Austin, San Antonio
Section 5

Workforce & Network Effects

A self-reinforcing ecosystem where growth begets growth—and Laredo's workforce stands at the center.

1/3
of local jobs

Trade, transportation, and warehousing employ one-third of Laredo's workforce—the highest concentration of any major U.S. metro.

+20%
workforce growth

Logistics workforce expanded 20% from 2007-2017, and continues growing—outpacing national averages in the sector.

The Reinforcing Cycle

Network effects create a virtuous cycle: each new investment strengthens the case for the next.

Step 1: Distribution Centers

Growing warehouse and fulfillment footprint

Operational Advantages

Beyond location, Laredo offers structural benefits that compound over time.

FTZ 94

Duty deferral on imports, exemptions on re-exports

Carrier Density

Ensures reliable capacity and service options

Backhaul Market

Creates competitive rates for all directions

Direct Control

Operational autonomy vs 3PL dependency

“The network effect in logistics is powerful: as more companies locate distribution centers in Laredo, carriers add routes, rates improve, and the economics become even more attractive for the next entrant.”

Section 6

What This Means

The implications vary by stakeholder—but the direction is clear for all.

For Business Leaders

Strategic considerations for supply chain optimization

Reassess Supply Chain Design

Supply chains designed for previous trade flows may no longer be optimal. Mexico is now America's largest trading partner.

Evaluate Border-Adjacent Facilities

Consider border-adjacent facilities for improved cost structure, operational control, and supply chain flexibility.

Question Hub Dependencies

Traditional coastal hub dependencies may not remain optimal as nearshoring accelerates and trade patterns shift.

See perspectives from other stakeholders →

Across all stakeholders, one theme emerges:

Laredo's role is evolving from gateway to distribution hub.

The question isn't whether Laredo will remain America's premier land port. That position is secure. The question is whether Laredo's port-of-entry functions can be complemented by substantial distribution operations co-located at the border.

The market is already providing answers.

By The Numbers

50M+
sq ft warehouse space
Every
major 3PL present
$Billions
in institutional investment
10,000
daily truck crossings
Continue to Author Information

About the Authors

DC

Daniel Covarrubias, Ph.D.

Director, Texas Center for Border Economic and Enterprise Development

A.R. Sanchez Jr. School of Business, Texas A&M International University

Research: Cross-border trade policy, Logistechs, AI, exponential technologies, North American economic integration

GC

Gastón Cedillo-Campos, Ph.D.

Distinguished Faculty Member, Transportation, International Trade, and Logistics

A.R. Sanchez Jr. School of Business, Texas A&M International University

Research: Supply chain management, logistics optimization, international trade corridors

Cite This Article

Covarrubias, D., & Cedillo-Campos, G. (2024). Beyond the Gateway: Why Laredo's Next Chapter Is Distribution. Texas Center for Border Economic and Enterprise Development. labs.drdanielcovarrubias.com/laredo

© 2025 Daniel Covarrubias, Ph.D. All rights reserved.

Texas A&M International University • Laredo, Texas