Daniel Covarrubias
LIVE INTELLIGENCE

The U.S.-Mexico Border

$872.8 billion in trade. 1,954 miles. 26 ports of entry. Four states north, six states south. The largest bilateral trade relationship on earth.

Data current as of 2025 · BTS / U.S. Census Bureau / INEGI

CALIFORNIAARIZONANEW MEXICOTEXASBAJA CALIFORNIASONORACHIHUAHUACOAHUILANUEVO LEÓNTAMAULIPASRio Grande / Río BravoPacific OceanGulf of MexicoMonterrey → CDMXLaredo$354BEl Paso$87BOtay Mesa$55BHidalgo$46.4BEagle Pass$38BNogales$30BSanta TeresaCalexico EastBrownsvilleDel RioSan YsidroTecateCalexico WestSan LuisLukevilleSasabeNacoDouglasColumbusFabensPresidioRomaRio Grande CityProgreso1,954 miles

Land Port Trade

$0.0B

Truck + rail at 26 ports (rolling 12 mo)

Total bilateral incl. pipeline, air, vessel: $872.8B

#1 Partner

Mexico

Largest U.S. trade partner since 2023

Truck Crossings

~0.0M

Inbound from Mexico (rolling 12 months)

Jobs

0M+

U.S. jobs dependent on Mexico trade

U.S. Border States

Four States, One Border

Texas

TX

$548B

63% of U.S.-Mexico trade

Border length1,254 mi
Land ports11
Top portLaredo
FacesTamaulipas, Coahuila, Nuevo León, Chihuahua

California

CA

$88B

10% of U.S.-Mexico trade

Border length140 mi
Land ports6
Top portOtay Mesa
FacesBaja California
State dashboard coming soon

Arizona

AZ

$30B

3.4% of U.S.-Mexico trade

Border length373 mi
Land ports6
Top portNogales
FacesSonora
State dashboard coming soon

New Mexico

NM

$20B

2.3% of U.S.-Mexico trade

Border length180 mi
Land ports3
Top portSanta Teresa
FacesChihuahua
State dashboard coming soon

Share of U.S.-Mexico Land Border Trade

Texas63%
California10%

Texas handles more border trade than California, Arizona, and New Mexico combined.

Port Rankings

Top 10 Ports of Entry

Ranked by trade value. Texas ports handle 63% of all U.S.-Mexico land border trade. Laredo alone handles 40%.

#1LaredoTX / Nuevo Laredo$354B2.9M trucks
#2El PasoTX / Ciudad Juárez$87B1.3M trucks
#3Otay MesaCA / Tijuana$55B1.1M trucks
#4HidalgoTX / Reynosa$46.4B620K trucks
#5Eagle PassTX / Piedras Negras$38B350K trucks
#6NogalesAZ / Nogales$30B380K trucks
#7BrownsvilleTX / Matamoros$22.7B280K trucks
#8Santa TeresaNM / San Jerónimo$20B250K trucks
#9Calexico EastCA / Mexicali$12B180K trucks
#10Del RioTX / Ciudad Acuña$5.5B120K trucks
Texas
California
Arizona
New Mexico

Source: BTS Transborder Freight Data, U.S. Census Bureau, Texas Comptroller (2024/2025). Truck crossings are northbound inbound from Mexico.

Mexico's Manufacturing Border

Six States Power Mexico's Export Machine

The border economy runs on Mexico's manufacturing base. Components are built in these six states and shipped north through the ports above.

Tamaulipas

Nuevo Laredo, Reynosa, Matamoros, Miguel Alemán

Population3.7M
IMMEX Workers200K
Top SectorAutomotive, electronics, logistics
U.S. PortsLaredo, Hidalgo, Brownsville +2

Chihuahua

Ciudad Juárez, Ojinaga

Population3.8M
IMMEX Workers380K
Top SectorElectronics, automotive, medical devices, aerospace
U.S. PortsEl Paso, Santa Teresa, Presidio +1

Coahuila

Piedras Negras, Ciudad Acuña

Population3.2M
IMMEX Workers130K
Top SectorAutomotive, iron/steel, mining
U.S. PortsEagle Pass, Del Rio

Baja California

Tijuana, Mexicali, Tecate

Population3.8M
IMMEX Workers280K
Top SectorElectronics, aerospace, medical devices, TV manufacturing
U.S. PortsSan Ysidro, Otay Mesa, Tecate +2

Sonora

Nogales, San Luis Río Colorado, Agua Prieta, Naco

Population3.1M
IMMEX Workers150K
Top SectorFresh produce, automotive, mining, aerospace
U.S. PortsNogales, San Luis, Douglas +3

Nuevo León

Colombia (via bridge to Laredo area)

Population5.8M
IMMEX Workers387K
Top SectorAutomotive, heavy industry, technology, finance
U.S. PortsColombia Solidarity Bridge (Laredo)

Monterrey (150 miles inland) is Mexico's industrial capital. Connected to the border via Colombia Solidarity Bridge.

Source: INEGI Censo 2020, IMSS, IMMEX program data. Population figures are state-level estimates.

Continental Commerce

What Crosses the Border

Mode of transport (all U.S.-Mexico trade)

Truck73.6%
Rail16.4%
Pipeline6.5%
Air/Vessel3.5%

Source: BTS Transborder Freight Report 2025.

Top commodity categories (U.S.-Mexico bilateral, $B)

Source: U.S. Census Bureau / BTS. Approximate bilateral values, 2024.

Mexico is not just a trade partner. It is the other half of a continental factory. $872.8 billion worth of evidence, crossing 26 ports of entry, every single day.

Geopolitical Context

Why This Border Matters

#1

U.S. Trade Partner

Mexico surpassed China in 2023 and held the position in 2024 and 2025.

232%

Trade Growth Since NAFTA

From $263B at NAFTA launch (1994) to $872.8B in 2025.

7-8x

Border Crossings Per Auto Part

A single auto part crosses the border 7-8 times before final assembly.

42

U.S. States Linked

42 U.S. states count Canada or Mexico as their top export destination.

Nearshoring is accelerating. Chinese exports to Latin America grew 13% from 2023 to 2024 as North America works to onshore critical supply chains. The USMCA joint review, scheduled for July 1, 2026, will determine the future of this trade relationship through 2036.

The numbers are not abstract. A single auto part crosses the border 7-8 times before final assembly. 42 U.S. states count Canada or Mexico as their top export destination. Five million American jobs depend on what happens at these 26 ports of entry.

Intelligence Tiers

Explore the Border

Three levels of detail. Continental, state, corridor.

Sources and Methodology

LIVE API DATA

Sections marked with a green “LIVE DATA” badge pull directly from federal APIs and refresh every 24 hours. Trade values come from the U.S. Census Bureau International Trade API (rolling 12-month port-level imports + exports). Truck crossings come from the BTS Border Crossing/Entry Data SODA API (rolling 12-month inbound truck counts). Both use a 14-month fetch window to handle the ~6 week Census release lag.

  • U.S. Census Bureau International Trade API (port-level imports/exports)
  • BTS Border Crossing/Entry Data, SODA API (dataset keg4-3bc2)
  • BTS Transborder Freight Data Annual Report 2025
  • Texas Comptroller of Public Accounts, Port Profiles (2024)
  • California Governor's Office (border trade data)
  • Arizona-Mexico Economic Indicators (University of Arizona, Eller College)
  • UTEP Hunt Institute / Border Region Modeling Project (El Paso-Juárez)
  • INEGI (Censo 2020, IMMEX, CONAPO projections)
  • IMSS datos abiertos (formal employment)
  • Wilson Center (jobs estimate)
  • City of Laredo / WorldCity (Laredo-specific data)

The $872.8B bilateral trade figure includes all transport modes (truck, rail, pipeline, air, vessel) per BTS. The live port-level data on this page tracks land port trade via the Census Bureau's porths API, which covers truck and rail crossings at land ports of entry. Pipeline (~$57B), air freight, and vessel cargo are not captured at land ports. Truck crossing figures are northbound inbound from BTS. Mexican state IMMEX worker counts are approximations from INEGI IMMEX program data. The border has 26 CBP master ports of entry, grouping ~50 individual physical crossings. El Paso Area combines Ysleta (2401), El Paso (2402), and Tornillo/Fabens (2404) per Texas Comptroller methodology.

Daniel Covarrubias, Ph.D.

Daniel Covarrubias, Ph.D.

Director, Texas Center for Border Economic & Enterprise Development

Texas A&M International University

Researching the intersection of trade policy, exponential technologies, and cross-border economic integration from the Texas-Mexico border.